My Journal

(My Original Blog Post: http://ping.fm/Q45ft)
I've been a little quiet on this blog lately, since I finished a lot of the automated testings I needed to do. I have continued those posts over at http://sosmarketing.us

This blog, is mostly for personal stuff now. I just have so much other writing and planning to do, that writing on here hasn't been a real priority.

Anyway, if you are interested in America and what happens to it and if you care about Liberty and the ability to make your own choices, then please read the most recent post on Publius Alter and then come listen and participate.

The time is truly now, if we are to take action and save our futures.

Here's the basic details about the new show:

Take a Stand! Join us and voice your opinion on our new Radio show starting on August 31, 2009. We will be broadcasting from 4-6 PM Pacific Time (7-9 EST) on blogtalkradio.com/publiusalter every Monday – Friday.

What is different about this broadcast?

This is about taking action and the simple solutions needed to make it happen. This is about truly Uniting All American’s for perhaps the first time. But we need your help!

[Blog] New Blog Talk Radio Show...: I've been a little quiet on this blog lately, since I finished a lot of the aut... http://ping.fm/pzPCL

(My Original Blog Post: http://ping.fm/w6CFt)
A very effective and reliable way to make money online is through information marketing, which is highly cost-effective and profitable.

Information marketing is a concept that can be utilized in a number of ways to sustain a steady flow of income. Nowadays, the most common and effective tools that can be used to earn money online through information marketing include; article marketing, video marketing, email marketing and affiliate marketing.

Article marketing is the most effective means for beginners and experienced alike to become profitable over the internet. It involves writing articles on anything that you are an expert in or that are useful to people in any way. Articles are used to optimize the website with keywords that best describe their business or are relevant to their area of focus.

Online information marketing is all about promotion of digital products that don’t exist physically. This means that you are marketing information to people. This information mostly exists in form of articles, ebooks, and other digital products. It is also possible to create your own digital products and market them. It will allow you earn more money, because you will be marketing for your own product.

Nowadays, the tools and approaches used to make money online include adsense, adwords, affiliate marketing, etc.; all of which are only effective and useful if you have a steady flow of traffic to your website. These tools to earn money do not involve much cost, and only requires your time and attention in order to keep everything up-to-date.

You can also advertise banners and pay-per-click advertisements on different websites, or can allow others to advertise on your website; both these approaches are equally useful, and you can generate traffic on your website, or on the website of your affiliate company, and this will obviously increase the sales potential of your products.

It is also recommended that before you begin with online information marketing, you must always conduct a detailed research on affiliate programs and marketing techniques that you might be thinking to adopt. This will allow you to select the best program with all the training facilities. Furthermore, you will not have to worry whether your online endeavor will be a success or not, but rather focus on enhancing your business profitability and marketability. This is the right approach for anyone, who wants to make money on the internet, especially for beginners who need assistance in taking the right decisions for their online business.

If you are looking to start an Online Information Marketing business then you must always trust profit lance review.

[Blog] Online Information Marketing-Making Money Online Through Information Marketing: A very effective and reliabl... http://ping.fm/qolXG

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/20/analysis-of-marketing-in-sabai-grass-in-the-socio-economic-development-of-tribals-in-mayurbhanj-district-orissa-india/)

Analysis of Marketing in Sabai Grass in the  Socio-Economic Development of   Tribals in Mayurbhanj District, Orissa (India).

Dr.U.N.Sahu *, Mr. Asit Ranjan Satpathy**

________________________________________________________________

Socio-Economic development involves an increase in the material well being of the society. In a country like India ,about 80 per cent of the population living in rural area and around 70 per cent of the population dependent on agriculture. Mayurbhanj is one of the richest districts in Orissa so far as forest and mineral wealth are concerned. Sabai grass industry plays a predominant role in shaping the economic destiny of the tribal people in the district. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the innovative schemes and the role of Sabai grass industry for the economic developments of growers of the district;. Results show that the tribal of Mayurbhanj district generates the Sabai grass product marketing demand in national and international market so as to develop the economic status.

INTRODUCTION

Mayurbhanj is said to be a land of tribals. Out of 62 tribal communities of Orissa, 45 communities are found in Mayurbhanj alone. The per capita income of Orissa as measured by net state domestic agricultural and forest product per head of population, was about 20 percent lower than the all India per capita income in 2008. It remained as much as 43 percent below that of national average in 2007-08.Thus it was intended to make all empirical investigation of rural income in Mayurbhanj district of Orissa and to assess the impact of agricultural  and forest product marketing programmes initiated by the Government  of Orissa over the years.

             It has also the highest percentage of hard working people. In spite of rich natural and human resources it is a poor district more than 48 per cent of the rural area people live below the poverty line. Though majority of population are dependent on primary sector, the agriculture is undeveloped because the district is lacking in irrigation facilities. In agricultural sector there is hardly any marketable surplus production in the district except for Sabai grass.

Sabai grass is practically considered to be “The Money Plant” which ensures cash receipt through out the year. The industry is associated with various activities of raising production of grass and processing of consumer goods such as ropes, mats, carpets, sofa sets, wall hangings and other sophisticated fashionable articles. The Sabai grass industry has tremendous export potential. Artistic designing Sabai products are very popular in foreign countries which earn precious foreign exchange for the country. The industry helps in the growth of entrepreneurship amongst the villagers. This ensures economic development through modernization and innovation of the industrial culture in rural areas.

OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

The main objective of this paper is to (i) To review the present growth of Sabai grass industry scenario of Orissa in comparison to other states in India ;(ii)To find out the innovative marketing schemes  and analyse the role of Sabai grass industry for the economic developments of the Mayurbhanj district; (iii)To examine the various State Government plans , programmes and their implementation in the  agricultural development of Sabai grass;(iv)To identify various marketing problems faced by the Sabai grass industries and to suggest suitable measures for solving them;(v)To explore the involvement of existing agencies (NGO, Bank and Co-operative Society) for development by the way of education, training and their support in financing for improving the Sabai grass products and processes. Mayurbhanj is a tribal dominated district having 26 blocks. The villages are selected on the basis of agricultural production of Sabai grass. The primary data are collected from the field sources by direct observation and interview to the persons associated with Sabai grass industry such as growers, processors, rope makers, entrepreneurs, traders and other intermediaries. The period of study is mainly confined to the years from 1999 to 2008.

The data analysis is undertaken mostly with the help of marketing dynamics and computer based statistical analysis.

The marketing dynamics includes (1) The planning of organization for marketing of Sabai grass products;(2)Diagnosis of the area sample formation in the Mayurbhanj district;(3)Participative analysis of market chains;(4)Creating and Implementing the concept of Sabai grass enterprise option;(5)Identification of supply, demand and gaps in the local business development services by designing the strategy to strength the market decision and communication as shown in the model for enterprise development in the sample area of Mayurbhanj district.

A Sabai grass product marketing model based information system is a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment, and procedures to collect, sort, analyze, evaluate and distribute pertinent, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers in improve their marketing planning, implementation and control.

Internal Reports System

Marketing Research System

Marketing Intelligence System

Analytical Marketing System

Marketing Information System

Marketing Environment

Target Markets

Marketing Channels

Microenvironment forces

Marketing Environment

Analysis

Planning

Implementation

Control

Marketing Information

Marketing Information

Marketing Decisions and Communications to Tribals

The Marketing Model Based  Information System

The marketing model is extensively used to determine the Sabai grass product marketing demand in national and international market so as to develop the economic status of the cultivators.

The Computer based statistical analysis is carried out to identify the various economic factors impacting the Sabai grass production by applying the various statistical tools like Regression analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) .

Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is an extension of discriminant analysis and a cousin of multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA), sharing many of the same assumptions and tests.

ANALYSIS

Most of the Sabai Grass plantations are located in the Revenue Sub-division of Baripada and Kaptipada of Mayurbhanj District.. Roughly the total area under Sabai Grass in district at present is about 22758 hectares Sabai Grass was in cultivation long since in the district, however, substantial extension of area was achieved during the 8th, 9th and 10th plan period. Up to the end of 7th plan the total area under Sabai Grass was estimated to be 9218 hects.

Sabai Grass is cultivated mostly by poor marginal and small farmers on their degraded lands. It is also collected by them as well as by the landless poor from the common pool village lands where it grows naturally. The per acre cost of production of Sabai Grass in the initial year works to around Rs.2,200. The cost for the second year is roughly Rs.650 and from the third year to ten year Rs.1000 per year. The produce is finally harvested in the 11th and 12th years. In the 11th year, the cost of harvesting is estimated at Rs.400 and in the 12th year at Rs.250. In the last two years, no maintenance is required and hence no maintenance costs. Thus the total cost of production over a period of 12 year works out Rs.11500 per acre.

The returns are realized from the sale of dry Sabai Grass which has a good market in the Mayurbhanj district. The total yield per acre over a period of 12 years was about 96 quintals (qt). The gross returns from the sale of Sabai Grass were estimated at the 2008 market price of Rs.500 per quintal. The gross returns over a period of 12 years were estimated to be Rs.48, 000 per acre and net return to be Rs.35, 500. The average net return per acre per annum over the 12 year period was Rs.3041. This represents a significant income from (land) resources that is degraded and whose opportunity cost is almost zero.

Sabai Grass of the Mayurbhanj district of Orissa is of good quality and has been accepted widely in the Indian market. Most of the traders prefer the Ropes made out of the Sabai Grass of this region. A large number of people are involved in this cottage industry (harvesting and rope making) or as a trader sending the produce (ropes) to the urban areas, both near and distant.

The total harvesting area of the Mayurbhanj district is 4.47 lakh hector of which 43.70 percent is highland with very poor water retention capacity. The highlands are generally not suitable for harvesting of crops or orchards. But they are suitable for harvesting of Sabai Grass. The agro climatic conditions obtaining in the district are also suitable for Sabai Grass production. According to general estimate the total production of Sabai grass in Mayurbhanj district of the state is about 15000 to 20000 metric ton/per annum of which some 9000 to 12000 metric ton is converted into ropes and the remainder is used for other purposes. At an average/minimum price of Rs.10 per kg of ropes and Rs.5 per kg of grass the total value of the produce works to Rs.16crore per annum which is quite a significant contribution to the economy of the Mayurbhanj district.

(a)Marketing Analysis

The marketing of Sabai Grass in Mayurbhanj district is analysed with the following points taken into consideration that, method of Marketing, Types of Market Place, Setting up Sabai grass enterprise, Marketing Agencies, Cooperative Societies, Market Yard Brokers, Price, Fixation of Price, Distress Sale, Problems of Marketing, Transportation, Storage, Supply of Agricultural Inputs Marketing Information and Role of Government in agricultural marketing.

Traditionally farmers have made decisions on what they should grow, what they should keep for home consumption, and what they are able to sell at the marketplace. In former times sales would have cantered on local markets and it would have been rare for a farmer to venture far a field in search of new market opportunities or to consider developing new, higher value to consider developing new, higher value products. This traditional form of agriculture starts to change as communities and nations begin to modernize. Through processes of urbanization, generally fostered by industrialization, demand for Sabai grass product from urban dwellers becomes dependent upon more sophisticated arrangements that require aggregation of farm produce, transportation, storage, wholesaling, processing and retailing. As cities expand, supply systems develop into increasingly longer and more complex market chains with many market channels and specialization of roles in the market chain based on product type, levels of added value and market segmentation.

 Farmers must also provide products and services at a price that is competitive with rival suppliers and there is increasing social pressure to ensure that production systems are environmentally sustainable. To achieve desired levels of competitiveness, farmers and their service providers need to build strategies that incorporate the following elements:

• A clear market orientation, producing the right product for the right buyer at the right time and price.
• The establishment of production systems that makes efficient use of existing financial human and natural resources.
• The incorporation of necessary post harvest handling and processing techniques.
• Appropriate business and marketing skills and organizational schemes which lead to economies of scale by reducing costs and increasing marketable volumes of produce.
• Improved links among market chain actors and flows of both market based information and new production technologies.

The NTFP collection and marketing both private and collective domain are equally important. If one suppresses the other, it leads to exploitation of marginalized, inefficient management and non-realization of desired goal. In the first case, no importance was given to collective domain. As a result individuals continued to be exploited in one or other form in spite of corrective measures taken by government.

In the second case on Sabai grass cooperatives, collective domains did not ensure private growth through interdependent accountability. It only aimed at solving marketing problems. This was the case of collective suppressing private domain to a great or small extent. As a result individual producers became less accountable to the cooperatives. The Market value of Sabai rope at present is Rs.13.00 to Rs.16.00 per Kg. as per quality. The Sabai grass from the Forest Corporation and Soil Conservation department Depot is available at Rs.1150/qtl., compared to the rate of Rs.1300 to Rs.1700/quintal in the open market. So the regional income is estimated to be Rs.8.12 to 6.5 lakhs per week, depending on the seasons.

Therefore an attempt was made to appreciate the importance of both private and collective domain through mutually interdependent growth sustenance cycle. Here individuals are encouraged to enhance their living standard through skill up gradation. Commons facilitate the individual growth and ensure most competitive market price. This makes private and common dependent on each other without intruding into others domain or suppressing individual’s enterprising ability. However, as system it is of recent origin, one needs to wait and watch how it works in the long run.

The major functions are:

• Attending exhibitions at state, national and international level with rural ethnic products like Sabai grass, Jute products of Mayurbhanj.
• Organising Pallishree Mela and District Level Exhibition.
• Assisting DRDA in implementing SGSY scheme from planning to implementation stage.
• Preparation of model project report based on cluster approach under SGSY scheme.
• Formulation of unit cost under SGSY for individual and group finance.
• Developing two key products covering all aspects of micro enterprise right from market identification, technology transfer, improvement of productivity and quality, organizing skill development training, bank credit linkage and market tie-up.
• Organising training/workshop on related topics design development, product development, micro enterprise development etc for block level functionaries, bankers, NGOs, Integrated Community Development  Scoiety (ICDS) and for Swarojgaris.

(b) Statistical Analysis

The analysis reveals that the 1.0% of the respondents Sabai grass product are purchased by consumers, 3.0% by both consumers and middlemen, 15.0% by Government organization, 31.5% by non-government organization and 47.5% by co-operative enterprises .ORMAS, an apex State Level Marketing Organisation was established with a mandate to provide non-credit inputs like procurement / purchase of raw materials. District Supply and Marketing Society is engaged in market promotion and facilitating marketing of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) and Self Help Group (SHG) products. There are nearly 8000 SHG that have been formed over the years. Sabai Grass Development Corporation was set up in 1994 to provide improved varieties of Sabai seeds and implements to women engaged in cultivation and trade. The bank caters to the farm credit establishment of the farmers through its 15 branches and 52 affiliated LAMPS.

For marketing of the product of the rural people the organization has established marketing channel with ORUPA (Orissa Rural & Urban Producers Association) and other enterprises. The Mayurbhanj Sabai Processing and Marketing Co-operative Society were established at the behest of the Government of Orissa with the main objective of improving the economic well-being of Sabai grass growers in the district.

 An analysis has been made to know the effect and significant contribution of indicators towards income from Sabai grass for economic development in the study area. For multiple regression analysis Independent variables taken are

            In most variables the calculated value of the coefficient (Beta) in the regression equation is either negative or insignificantly different from zero. It shows that with increase in income from Sabai grass, the role of transportation (X4) followed by sale (X1) increases. Therefore the factor transportation (X4) and sale (X1) have more effect on the dependable variable (Y) i.e. income from Sabai grass than other factors. It is found that transportation and sale plays important role to increase income from Sabai grass in the study area. The factors like Market trend (X2), Land holding (X3), Age (X5), Education  (X7) and Occupation (X8) have negative impact on income from Sabai grass. It is also observed that the factor family size (X6) has positive impact on income from Sabai grass.

The correlation between a set of obtained scores and same score obtained from the multiple regression equation is called coefficient of multiple correlation. It is designated by `R’. Thus the correlation between Income from Sabai grass and other eight independent factors is 0.586. It means that scores in income from Sabai grass predicted from a multiple regression equation containing independent factors X1,X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 & X8 correlate 0.59 with scores obtained in dependent factor  Income from Sabai grass(Y).  Here R2 is 0.343; this shows 34% of the total variance of dependent income from Sabai grass is associated with the independent factors.            Tabulated value of t-test for transportation (X4) and sale (X1) are more significant and have significant contribution towards income from Sabai grass.

It is also found that, in most variables the calculated value of the coefficient (Beta) in the regression equation is either negative or insignificantly different from zero. It shows that with increase in total income (Y), the land holding (X3) followed by transportation (X4) increases. Therefore the factor land holding (X3) and transportation (X4) have more effect on the dependable variable (Y) i.e. total income than other factors. Hence it is concluded that land holding and transportation are important factor and have significant contribution to increase total income in the study area. The factors like Market trend (X2), Family size (X6), Education (X7) and Occupation (X8) have negative impact on total income. It is also observed that the factor like Sale (X1) and Age (X5) have positive impact on total income.

The multiple correlations between Total Income and other eight independent factors is 0.562. It means that scores in Total income predicted from a multiple regression equation containing factors X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 & X8 correlate 0.56 with scores obtained in factor Total Income (Y).  Here R2 is 0.316; this shows 32% of the total variance of income from Sabai grass is associated with the independent factors.     Tabulated value of t-test shows that the Land holding (X3) is more significant and has significant contribution towards Total Income in the study area.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

for the factors in case of Income from Sabai grass

Source of variation

Sum of Square

Degree of Freedom

Mean Square

F-statistic (Calculated)

Between Row

4035.4979

209

19.3134

1.1322

Between Row & Column

49851.5556

1680

29.5735

1.7336

Between Column

21329.2392

8

2666.1549

156.2920**

Residual (error)

28522.3164

1672

17.0588

Total

53888.0534

1889

28.5273

Tabulated value of F-test at 5% level of significance for (8,209) degree of freedom = 1.9384 and tabulated value of F-test at 1% level of significance for (8,209) degree of freedom = 2.5113. In case of the above table only between the indicators (column) is significant. The calculated value is 156.2920. This shows calculated `F’ value is more than tabulated `F’ value both at 5% and 1% level of significance.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

for the factors in case of Total Income

Source of variation

Sum of Square

Degree of Freedom

Mean Square

F-statistic (Calculated)

Between Row

4102.3328

209

19.6284

1.1505

Between Row & Column

49554.0000

1680

29.4964

1.7289

Between Column

21027.8042

8

2628.4755

154.0623

Residual (error)

28526.1958

1672

17.0611

Total

53656.3328

1889

28.4046

Tabulated value of F-test at 5% level of significance for (8,209) degree of freedom = 1.9384 and tabulated value of F-test at 1% level of significance for (8,209) degree of freedom = 2.5113. In case of the above table only between the indicators (column) is significant. The calculated value is 156.2920. This shows calculated `F’ value is more than tabulated `F’ value both at 5% and 1% level of significance. In order to know the effect of different factors, viz. (i) fertilizer consumption per hectre of gross cropped area in kgs of nutrients (ii) actual rainfall (in mm) received during the period of cropping (iii) area under Sabai grass crop in hectre a time series analysis has been carried out with the use of a multiple linear regression model. The analysis considers the relevant secondary data of Mayurbhanj District for a period of 5 years i.e. from 2003-04 to 2007-08 being collected for the season of Kharif and Rabi. The analysis has been made for Kharif (Autumn & Winter) season over a period of 5 years taking variable  Y = Production in quintals, X1= Area in hectare, X2= fertilizer consumption per hectare of gross cropped in Kgs of nutrients, X3 = Annual rainfall in mm. and also the analysis has been made for Rabi taking into consideration the above variables. It should be mentioned here that the data on fertilizer consumption have been collected in the form of total consumption of fertilizer per hectare of gross cropped area for each period of cropping i.e. Kharif and Rabi. The analysis was carried out with the total consumption of fertilizer.

Table -A shows linear form for kharif season. From the analysis ,it is found that R2 = 0.984, Adj R2 = 0.870, D-W statistic = 3.181 and F = 9.939. Further, it is seen that intercept value C0 = 80904.922, regression co-efficient of area C1 (coefficient of the variable X1) = -454.962, co-efficient of fertilizer consumption X2 (i.e. regression co-efficient C2) = 11.246 and co-efficient of rainfall X3 (i.e. regression co-efficient C3) = -11.101 and the corresponding standard errors are 14254.836, 121.907, 3.839 and 3.847 respectively. Also, the corresponding t-statistics are found as (5.676), (-3.732), (2.929) and (-2.886).

Table-B shows linear form for Rabi season, it is found that R2 = 0.895, Adj R2 = 0.581, D-W statistic = 2.464 and F = 2.850. Further, it is found that the intercept value C0 = 5007.695, regression co-efficient of HYV area C1 (i.e. co-efficient of the variable X1) = -57.489, regression co-efficient of local area C2 (i.e. co-efficient of the variable X2) = 0.235 and regression co-efficient of rainfall C3 (i.e. co-efficient of the variable X3) = 1.323 and the corresponding standard errors are (1995.389), (72.387), (1.124) and (0.651) respectively. Further, corresponding t-statistics are (2.510), (-0.794), (0.209) and (2.032) respectively.

Tabulated value of F-test at 5% level of significance for (3,5) degree of freedom = 5.4095 and tabulated value of F-test at 1% level of significance for (3,5) degree of freedom = 12.060. Similarly, tabulated value of t-test at 5% level of significance = 2.776 and for 1% level of significance = 4.604, where degree of freedom. = 4.

ANALYSIS TABLE-A (LINEAR FORM) FOR KHARIF SEASON

Crop (Sabai grass)

Intercept 'C0'

C1

C2

C3

R2

Adj R2

D-W statistic

F-statistic

Kharif

80904.922

-454.962

11.246

-11.101

0.968

0.870

3.181

9.939

(14254.836)

(121.907)

(3.839)

(3.847)

[5.676]

[-3.732]

[2.929*]

[-2.886]

Note : 1)The value given in (  ) is the value of standard error and the value given in [  ] is the value of `t’. statistic.

             2) * represents the significant of the co-efficient at 5% level of significance.

             3) ** represents the significance of the co-efficient at 1% level of significance.

ANALYSIS TABLE-B (LINEAR FORM) FOR RABI SEASON

Crop (Sabai grass

Intercept 'C0'

C1

C2

C3

R2

Adj R2

D-W statistic

F-statistic

Rabi

5007.695

-57.489

0.235

1.323

0.895

0.581

2.464

2.850

(1995.389)

(72.387)

(1.124)

(0.651)

[2.510]

[-0.794]

[0.209]

[2.032]

Note: 1)The value given in (  ) is the value of standard error and the value given in [  ] is the value of `t’. Statistic.

             2) * represents the significant of the co-efficient at 5% level of significance.

             3) ** represents the significance of the co-efficient at 1% level of significance.

From the analysis table-A, it is found that F-statistics is significant both at 5% and 1% level of significance, where tabulated value is more than calculated value and R2 is more than 0.5 for the Sabai grass crop (Kharif season). It indicates strong relationship between dependant and independent variables. Here, the t-statistic for fertilizer is significant only at 5% level of significance and the corresponding regression co-efficient is significant. Also, the corresponding standard error is significant. It is observed that only in case of fertilizer the t-statistic tabulated value is close to calculated value at 5% level of significance which shows fertilizer only provides contribution to the production of Sabai grass. Use of Durbin-Watson, d-statistics show that no auto correlation is present.

From the table-B, it is observed that that calculated F > tabulated F both at 5% and 1% level of significance. F is significant and R2 in more than 0.5. It indicates strong relationship between dependant and independent variables; t-statistics for all the variables are showing insignificant both at 5% and 1% level of significance and the corresponding regression co-efficient are also insignificant, which shows no variables provide more contribution to the production of Sabai grass. Here use of Durbin-Watson, d-statistics show that no autocorrelation is present.

For Kharif season fertilizer consumption have more contribution towards the production of Sabai grass, For Rabi season it is observed that all the variables have more or less impact on production of Sabai grass in the study area. Computation of Durbin-Watson , d-statistic shows that no autocorrelation is present.

Discriminant Analysis.

Discriminant analysis is a method of distinguishing between classes of objects. The values of various attributes of an object are measured and a rule (function) is applied that assigns a classification to that object. The discriminant function arrives at coefficients, which set the highest possible ratio.

Table C

Standardized Classification Discriminant Function Coefficients

[In case of Income from Sabai grass]

Factors

1

2

3

4

5

Sale

1.960

1.994

2.336

2.739

2.724

5.741

5.139

5.033

5.005

5.168

0.357

0.283

0.250

0.183

0.198

0.052

0.080

0.150

0.143

0.158

2.974

3.048

3.121

2.428

2.201

9.334

9.794

9.616

10.351

10.273

-0.363

-0.523

-0.478

-0.478

-0.498

9.358

9.215

8.208

7.450

7.488

-55.217

-52.905

-47.792

-43.667

-43.881

Discriminant analysis is useful for situations where one need to build a predictive model of group membership based on observed characteristics of each case. The procedure generates a discriminant function (or, for more than two groups, a set of discriminant functions) based on linear combinations of the predictor variables that provide the best discrimination between the groups. The functions are generated from a sample of cases for which group membership is known; the functions can then be applied to new cases with measurements for the predictor variables but unknown group membership. On average, people in family size play more roles for economic development in case of income from Sabai grass. A researcher wants to combine this information in a function to determine how well an individual can discriminate between the two groups.

Table D

Standardized Classification Discriminant Function Coefficients

[In case of Total Income]

Factors

1

2

3

4

5

Sale

2.508

2.579

2.715

2.270

2.846

4.884

4.873

5.043

4.468

4.881

-0.029

-0.097

-0.007

0.125

0.097

0.096

0.158

0.173

0.142

0.184

2.245

2.675

2.671

3.413

2.445

10.375

11.022

11.054

11.952

10.312

-0.342

-0.414

-0.490

-0.334

-0.455

9.545

9.507

8.513

8.145

7.558

-53.604

-55.584

-50.302

-51.096

-43.702

The procedure generates a discriminant function (or, for more than two groups, a set of discriminant functions) based on linear combinations of the predictor variables that provide the best discrimination between the groups. The functions are generated from a sample of cases for which group membership is known; the functions can then be applied to new cases with measurements for the predictor variables but unknown group membership. On average, people in family size play more roles for economic development in case of total income. The researcher found that population size and economic information are important. Discriminant analysis allows estimating coefficients of the linear discriminant function, which looks like the right-hand side of a multiple linear regression equation.

CONCLUSION

The result summarises that the tribals of Mayurbhanj district confront many problems like, education, income source and expenditure pattern, landed property, Government and NGOs support, marketing, packaging and transportation. The bank caters to the farm credit establishment of the farmers through its 15 branches and 52 affiliated LAMPS. Nearly, 85.7% of the people live in small family and 12.9% still maintains their traditional joint family. . The cultivation of Sabai grass is second main occupation which represents 24.8% and only 1.0% are engaged in Government service. The source of income from Sabai grass is 52.9% from the primary source and 47.1% from the secondary sources .The packaging and grading are the most important aspect of marketing any product. 76.7% of the villagers are  depends on the market, 19.0% depends on local hat, 3.3% on both market and hat and only 1.0% use themselves to grade and pack their finished product of Sabai grass for transporting to different market. Due to changes in professional status it has impact on the income. It is also found that changes in age, family size and education do not change the total income in same direction. The land holding and transportation are important factor and have significant contribution to increase total income and economic development of the district..

[Blog] Analysis of Marketing in Sabai Grass in the Socio-Economic Development of Tribals in Mayurbhanj Distri...: A... http://ping.fm/FUxu5

(My Original Blog Post: http://ping.fm/LNw0V)
There are those out there that say over and over again. "Where's the proof that Social Marketing really works?" I believe that people do want more hard numbers to back up the fact that social media marketing really does work... so they can at least feel that the investment turns a tidy ROI.

But I think there is another important part of social media that may often be overlooked and can't as easily be measured.

Social media sites are places where people can vent about good or bad experiences. If a business is not involved in the social media circuits and they aren't tracking what is going on there, then they can easily lose referrals, lose 'prestige' as a business and flat out lose customers all together. If only, because you aren't there to defend yourself or at least build a relationship. Social Media has a huge impact on your PR... which is a big part of Social Media Marketing.

The era we have recently entered is really the newest version of 'Relationship' marketing. 40 or 50 plus years ago, companies were founded on exceptional customer service. It was expected. You went to the gas station and you had full service; check the oil, check the tire pressure, wash the windows, etc. You went to a store or any place else and the customer was king. The phrase, "The customer is always right" was coined during that era.

But that was lost over time and the face of corporations became automated telephones, machine operated service centers, lower wages, high inflation and the need for just making a living. Technology came along to make our lives easier and instead depersonalized most of it. Instead of improving everything, it made it worse; maybe because of greed or the quest for lower costs vs. quality or perhaps a number of other reasons. We someone forgot about the customers.

All of that is changing now though, people want that relationship, they want to feel listened to and respected. They want quality customer service. They are also very impatient and want instant gratification.

So we have an entirely new area of marketing, Relationship marketing and Social Marketing is only one piece of that puzzle. The next time someone says, where's the proof, just remember that information about what people are saying or thinking about you or your business can truly make or break you and also don't forget that as time goes on, 'Relationship Marketing' will become more and more important.

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/13/ways-to-increase-attendance-at-business-meetings-and-events/)

As a matter of fact, people do enjoy attending events. This is because they want to get informed; to come in contact with the leaders in their field; for networking; for being acknowledged for taking their time to attend; out of curiosity; for entertainment; for gossiping; or just for the free food offered, always in a warm and friendly environment for all participants.

Poor attendance at meetings and events is always your worst nightmare as hosts. You may use an online survey to determine why potential customers do not enroll. You may ask customer service representatives about the most frequent objections. You may even initiate a promotional phone call to find out about the objections with your own ears. However, no matter what you do, the event will be a disaster if you don't come up with ways to overcome these objections.

Designing a successful event aims at increasing your profitability and the potential of your attendees. In your effort to discover the needs and wants of your attendees it is advisable to ask attendee-focused questions that require attendee-centric answers. For instance, questions like 'what would drive greater success in my business?', 'what my customers need?', 'how could I satisfy my customer needs?' may help you design an event that will create interest in your attendees.

Promoting your event requires primarily creativity and persistence. High attendance is important for the success of your event and your business. Emphasizing on your attendees will allow you to generate more awareness for your cause and, ultimately, more success for your event.

Here are some guidelines you may follow to increase attendance when hosting business meetings or events:

> Target the right audience

One common factor that makes people restraining from an event is because they are not really interested. In other words, they do not belong in the right target group. If you host the event for the first time, it will take some time for finding the right target audience so as to achieve high attendance. In contrast, if you are already hosting the event for many years, you may experience a decline in attendance rates as a result of inviting the same people without expanding your guest list. You need to keep an updated attendee database and make sure that you target the right audience. This can happen by asking existing attendees to refer you to potential new attendees so that you increase your attendance rates for next year.

> Invite your audience well ahead the event

Once you start inviting people, you should continue at a constant rate. Inviting people well ahead the event is important because it gives you time to remind them about the event even if they have confirmed attendance. The point is to generate excitement and to make them enthusiastic until the date of the event is hosted. You can mention the event to your guests before sending them invitations and then send an electronic or paper initiation including agenda highlights. After one or two weeks, you may call guests and give them a personal formal invite to the event.

> Build credibility and interest in your event

To participate in your event, people need to be convinced that is worth their time and money. To achieve that, you need to choose major sponsors to advertise your happening, esteemed guest speakers to attract the audience and nicely organized promotional material to communicate the benefits of attending at your event. In doing so, you will able to build credibility into your event, convincing people that is exceptional and worth attending.

> Choose the right location to host your event

Choosing the right location may skyrocket your attendance rates. Don't forget that people enjoy attending events. So, simply offer them an opportunity to detour from their routines and enjoy your happening. When choosing the location for hosting your event, consider a venue that can be conveniently reached because people are busy and do not have too much time. Also, it makes sense to use a venue that has been previously used for other events and people are familiar with. Offer discounts for early enrollment and offer also mail enrollment for people that do not have home computers.

> Provide incentives

Providing incentives raises additional interest. Offer additional discounts for the next year's event that can be prepaid this year. Offer new activities, perhaps workshops, handouts, signed books for a famous guest speaker for the first ten people, who register; anything that can make your event unique, different than the previous years and worth attending.

As there is no magic stick that can increase attendance in your next event, you need to design your events around their needs. In that way, you will host an event that will be a memorable experience for your attendees, who consequently will drive higher attendance to your next meetings.

[Blog] Ways to increase attendance at business meetings and events: As a matter of fact, people do enjoy attending ... http://ping.fm/2U1kK

[Blog] How to create a basic event budget: In the competitive market realities of today, event planners need to emp... http://ping.fm/aRRjA

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/12/how-to-create-a-basic-event-budget/)

In the competitive market realities of today, event planners need to employ budgeting strategies in order to stay organized and better equipped to anticipate client inquiries. Constructing an event planning budget enables an organization to find the best deals and to meet its priorities by determining the feasibility of the event in terms of available resources, cost and return on investment. In that way, event planners are able to determine the actual cost of the event versus the actual investment and decide, in real time, on how to save money on event planning.

Typically, an event planning budget is constructed in an Excel Spreadsheet or with the use of event budget software. Technologically advanced organizations prefer the use of software because they can better monitor the collection and integration of business data, which leads to better management of corporate expense policies and cost-effective decision making.

With event planning budget, event planners can generate a variety of standard and customized reports that track expenses by category and sub-category, expenses by vendor, as well as projected, negotiated and actual expense reports.

In order to track expenses by category with accurate projections, event planners base their estimates on historical data. One of the most common methods is to calculate the average spending on food and beverage at the past ten events; or to calculate the percentage of beverage cost that was attributed to non-alcoholic choices. Such metrics are customizable and facilitate the budgeting process because they break down the budget in critical parts, offering room for further negotiations.

The customization of sub-categories offers the opportunity to obtain data intelligence. Typically, event planners run customized reports that track corporate travel expenses. One of the most common methods is to calculate the percentage of travel budget that is attributed to rental cars, to air fares, to hotel accommodation, to event facility and all related expenses. In addition, event planners sub-categorize transportation charges including any percentage of the budget that is used for event transfers, coaches, shuttles and any related expenses.

Similarly like in the category expenses, the projections of expenses by vendor are based on historical data. Event planners are able to determine the percentage of their spending with specific vendors over a period of time. In this part of the budget, event planners include expenses for décor such as floral, tents, centerpieces etc, catering expenses, and entertainment & equipment expenses such as audiovisual equipment. Typically, catering expenses account for the 30 percent of the budget.

Event planning budget includes also smaller categories that summarize expenses made for invitations, program booklets, banners, name badges, event signage, gifts for the guests, and separate activities such as spa, tennis, biking etc. Normally, the total cost of these expenses accounts for the 25 percent of the total budget, depending on the size and the complexity of the event.

When all amounts are included in the budget spreadsheet or software, event planners can summarize projected, negotiated and actual expenses. Projected expenses will be negotiated with the client in order to take the final decision. Actual expenses are invoiced after the event is held.

Constructing an event planning budget is a powerful tool. However, highly professional event planners track down event costs and collect business intelligence data in a comprehensive and innovative way that depicts their fundamental role in effective cost reduction. Their contribution to successful budgeting in not just effective tracking of expenses, but the utilization of event management tools incorporated into event planning budgeting. In that way, they possess potent capabilities in showing to their clients how their money is being spent and collected in relation to every component of the budget.

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/11/how-to-get-started-as-an-event-planner/)

Event planning involves the organization of special events that may be for business purposes, education purposes, social purposes, or somewhere in between. Product launches, conferences, graduations, fashion shows, tradeshows, fairs, weddings and anniversaries, all are specializations of event planning that need to be handled with expertise and appropriate coordination.

Landing a job in the field of event planning is not as complex as it may seem. Although it requires a high degree of professionalism, many people are, in effect, event planners when they organize social gatherings for their friends and family. Planners are people who start in one particular aspect of events. They may be caterers, owners of audiovisual companies, hotel owners and so on. Often, the small events for friends and relatives are their first, cautious steps before getting professionally involved in event planning. This explains how event planners have the exceptional ability to coordinate their events by providing diverse services.

By its nature, event planning involves a risk; the risk of failing to meet clients’ expectations by holding an unsuccessful event. If this happens, clients have no return on their investment, and event planners may experience a severe decline in their reputation. To avoid all these consequences, an event planner conducts a research beforehand to make sure there is demand for the event. Research may mean collecting information about similar events or learning the etiquette of the particular type of event. It may also mean finding out about suppliers and vendors and looking for the right event venue. But, it definitely means asking clients lots of questions in order to get the full idea of their needs and keeping lots of notes. Anything that can guarantee a well-planned event without compromising its success it's a first step towards event planning business.

All the notes kept during the interview with the clients are included in a creative design. This enables an inexperienced event planner to get the feel of the event. As the notes are written down, the design becomes clearer. At this phase, event planners check the clients’ answers and, before making any suggestions, they decide on the feasibility of the event in relation to the event budget.

The next step is to think about the site selection. Even experienced event planners are aware that a trivial omission in the site selection process may cause tremendous problems in event execution. Coordinating event facilities, catering services, meeting rooms, audiovisual equipment, décor, and transportation to/from the event are extremely important in order to decide on the best venue that meets the clients’ requirements at the lowest price.

Experienced event planners admit that, more than the business approach to the profession, what plays a decisive role in becoming a successful event planner is good communication skills and exceptional coordination abilities. Clients need a committed professional, who will be available on weekends, holidays, evenings, and peak seasons. Event planning does not operate 9 to 5, neither strictly downtown. An event planner should be available 24/7 in order to coordinate and supervise the events whenever and wherever is required.

If there is a natural instinct for event planning and a good understanding of the new business arena, then with optimism, dedication and professionalism it is very likely that someone can turn from amateur into a professional event planner.

[Blog] How to get started as an event planner: Event planning involves the organization of special events that may ... http://ping.fm/FXS84

[Blog] Ways to reduce air fares for group events: With fuel prices soaring and airport security measures becoming s... http://ping.fm/aFFGB

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/10/ways-to-reduce-air-fares-for-group-events/)

With fuel prices soaring and airport security measures becoming stricter around the globe, with airport taxes accounting for the 10% of the ticket price and labor costs skyrocketing every year, air fares have become almost a luxury good, particularly when it comes to booking for a group event. Organizations that strive to remain viable need to employ appropriate policies of travel management in order to reduce the cost of the air fares and save money on corporate travel.

One of the most commonly applied policies to reduce the cost of air fares is to identify an event as a business event. Typically, people attending business events use different flights to the same destination, which increases the cost of air fares. Identifying an event as a corporate event allows the organization to negotiate better corporate prices with a travel agency and take advantage of the group travel programs offered by the airlines for corporate events. The final price of the air fares can be discounted up to 5 percent for the domestic flights without requiring the same point of origin for event attendees.

Air fare discounts for group events are, typically, offered to groups of ten people or more traveling to one destination. Group booking terms vary in each airline, but organizations arrange business events that can attract more than ten event attendees so that they can benefit for competitive group rates and discounted air fares offered by the airlines. They may also identify the event attendees as event planners in order to achieve even further discounted air fares.

Booking in advance is another policy that contributes to lowering the cost of air fares. Some airlines allow bookings for corporate events almost a year prior to the date of travel. Organizations that book in advance have a higher possibility to book at the lowest class fare and a better negotiating power with the travel agency. Usually, in last minute bookings, airlines give out their most expensive fares and, for a group event, this can turn out particularly expensive.

Besides, many organizations increasingly use the Internet as a source of fulfilling their corporate travel needs. Offering competitively priced airfares, the Internet offers substantial cost benefits that can be up to a 20 percent discount in comparison to the traditional travel agencies.

Finally, technologically advanced organizations use travel management softwares that allow them to track their travel expenses and acquire optimum efficiency of their travel management policies. By integrating the entire business processes, organizations manage corporate expense policies and choose the most cost-effective solution when it comes to corporate travel and group events.

[Blog] Building Your Business on Twitter - 4 Great Ways: Twitter is a great place to build your business and promot... http://ping.fm/EaSpq

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/10/building-your-business-on-twitter-4-great-ways/)

Twitter is a great place to build your business and promote your products as long as you don’t overdo it and annoy other Twitter users. While you promote your business, you must remember that Twitter is a social networking site, where aggressive marketing is simply not appreciated. Here are 4 tips to help you build your business on Twitter.

1. Tweet About Your Business

Building your business on Twitter is ridiculously easy. For example, if you are working on a new product at present, all you have to do is tweet about it. You could just tweet, "I am busy writing an eBook at present." Other Tweeps are sure to get interested in your work. Some of them might even purchase it once it is done.

However, be careful when you play this game. Talking about your work or career is quite normal, but don’t carry it to the extreme. You could also include your website address in your bio, and see that the website has ample details about your work. This will give you a better chance of attracting more clients.

2. Tweet about Your Product

Are you launching a new product? Tweet about it once per day or more if required. In your tweet, include information about how people would benefit by this product. For example, if you have created some website templates, you could tweet: "Working on creating website templates to help newbies create professional-looking pages." You could also tweet about how your product is doing: "I am getting positive feedback from customers who purchased my templates." Tweeps are sure to get interested in your product.

Tweet about your product at different times because Tweeps check their accounts at different times. However, don't just tweet about your products. Insert plenty of social tweets in between your business tweets and make sure you respond to the tweets of other Twitter users. If you fail to do this, other Twitter users will consider you to be a spammer.

3. Tweet about Your Blog Posts

Publish posts related to your product or business on your blog and tweet the links to your followers along with a short description of the blog post. The content should really be of some use to your followers.

Here is a tweet for an example: "How to Build a Website in 10 Easy Steps" followed by the link. If people find the information you have offered to be useful, they are sure to get interested in your product too.

4. Tweet Your Affiliate Links

Twitter can help you get fatter affiliate commission checks. First, collect all your affiliate links in one place. You can now tweet these links to Twitter users who are really looking for the information. In this way, you can sell your clickbank products or get referrals to online program.

How do you find Twitter users who might really be interested in your referral links? Type a keyword related to a product you are attempting to sell on Twitter Search. For example, you want to sell an eBook on how to find a job. Simply type the keywords "find a job" on Twitter Search and it will turn up all the tweets of Twitter users who are busy hunting for jobs. You can now respond to these tweets with information about the product you are selling or with referral links to employment companies that you are working for. You are not spamming anyone here. You are simply providing information to people who are looking for precisely that information! You are just trying to be of some help by giving information of value. The links that you have posted might be the very thing the Twitter user is looking for. If they have already registered at the site you have suggested, they will either inform you or ignore you. You can then suggest another company or product. This method will help you become a roaring success at affiliate marketing.

Besides, some of these people might also become your followers just because you have given them some valuable information and been of some use to them. You will gain their trust. And once you have gained their trust and goodwill, you can easily sell more products to them or refer them to some more programs.

2 Golden Rules for Affiliate Marketers

Affiliate marketers should keep the following 2 golden rules in mind while promoting their products.

Recommend Known Products Only

Don’t ever make the mistake of recommending products that you have never used yourself. At least, they should be products created by a company or individual whom you trust. If you recommend sub-standard products that will not be of any use to the customer who has purchased them, you are going to lose your reputation. Your customers will no longer trust you. What’s worse, they will stop buying from you. So, never promote products about which you know nothing.

Promote Products of Value Only

Don’t promote useless products. In other words, promote products that will really be of value to your followers. If you promote useless products, your followers will stop taking your seriously. They will trust you no more.

The best thing that can ever happen to you as an affiliate marketer is getting positive feedback from a Tweep who found your products really useful. In such a case, you have not only earned a few bucks, but also a customer’s trust and goodwill. This customer won’t mind purchasing from you again. So, making a smart selection of products to promote and sell on Twitter is of great importance.

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/09/environmental-pollution/)

                                     Environmental Pollution
            The environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. The increasing economic development and a rapidly growing population that has taken the country from 300 million people in 1947 to over one billion people today is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s natural resources. Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and land degradation are all worsening problems. Overexploitation of the country's resources is it land or water and the industrialization process has resulted in considerable environmental degradation of resources. 

Air Pollution
            There are four reasons of air pollution are - emissions from vehicles, thermal power plants, industries and refineries. The problem of indoor air pollution in rural areas and urban slums has assumed significant attention lately.
             India’s environmental problems are exacerbated by its heavy reliance on coal for power generation. Coal supplies more than half of the country’s energy needs and is used for nearly three-quarters of electricity generation. While India is fortunate to have abundant reserves of coal to power economic development, the burning of this resource, especially given the high ash content of India’s coal, has come at a cost in terms of heightened public risk and environmental degradation. Reliance on coal as the major energy source has led to a nine-fold jump in carbon emissions over the past forty years. The government estimates the cost of environmental degradation has been running at 4.5% of GDP in recent years.
River water Pollution
          Fully 80 percent of urban waste in India ends up in the country's rivers, and unchecked urban growth across the country combined with poor government oversight means the problem is only getting worse. A growing number of bodies of water in India are unfit for human use, and in the River Ganga, holy to the country's 82 percent Hindu majority, is dying slowly due to unchecked pollution.
          New Delhi's body of water is little more than a flowing garbage dump, with fully 57 percent of the city's waste finding its way to the Yamuna. It is that three billion liters of waste are pumped into Delhi's Yamuna (River Yamuna) each day. Only 55 percent of the 15 million Delhi residents are connected to the city's sewage system. The remainder flushes their bath water, waste water and just about everything else down pipes and into drains, most of them empty into the Yamuna. According to the Centre for Science and Environment, between 75 and 80 percent of the river's pollution is the result of raw sewage. Combined with industrial runoff, the garbage thrown into the river and it totals over 3 billion liters of waste per day. Nearly 20 billion rupees, or almost US $500 million, has been spent on various clean up efforts. 
  The frothy brew is so glaring that it can be viewed on Google Earth. 
           Much of the river pollution problem in India comes from untreated sewage. Samples taken recently from the Ganges River near Varanasi show that levels of fecal coliform, a dangerous bacterium that comes from untreated sewage, were some 3,000 percent higher than what is considered safe for bathing.  

Groundwater exploitation
          Groundwater exploitation is a serious matter of concern today and legislations and policy measures taken till date, by the state governments (water is a state subject) have not had the desired effect on the situation.  
  
 Reduce pollutions: suggestions
             Reduce tax on incomes and institute a tax on pollution was a suggestion environmental crusader Al Gore had for India to tackle the issue of global warming effectively. "Reduce tax on employees and employers and put a tax on pollution. 
The more carbon dioxide one emits the more he pays in taxes," said Gore in an interactive session at the India Today Conclave here on March 16, 2008. Replying to a question by Minister of State for External Affairs Anand Sharma, Gore also suggested subsidising clean energy generation instead of carbon fuels like kerosene. 
             AGRA, December 12, 2008: Now Tulsi an ayurveda wisdom to help Taj Majal retain its pristine allure.  The forest department has come up with a quick-fix project -- plant a Tulsi drive in Agra. The recommended complexion care regimen, officers claim, has full backing from ancient texts which hold Tulsi to be the panacea for all problems from cosmic to cosmetic. The department is all set to launch the Tulsi plantation drive from January 2009. The public-private joint venture is expected to provide an eco-protection cover to sensitive Taj trapezium zone surrounding the 17th century monument as well as the other two world heritage monuments -- Agra Fort and Aitma-ud-Daula tomb. Tulsi (Occinum sanctum) chosen for its anti-pollutant anti-oxidation and air-purifying properties making it an ideal ornamental shrub in the vicinity of the Taj Mahal. 
           By the initiatives of the Delhi Metro and the Delhi Bicycling Club, which encourage people to use bicycles for short distances, pedaling a cycle is increasingly and becoming routine for people. On bicycle, one can change destination without hassles and it’s cheap.Taking to pedal, Delhiites choose an eco-friendly saddle.

R.YUVARANI

M.PHIL SCHOLAR

PERIYAR UNIVERSITY

SALEM-11

[Blog] Environmental Pollution:                                      Environmen... http://ping.fm/jRsMD

(My Original Blog Post: http://speakingbadger.com/2009/07/08/retweeting-secrets-revealed-%e2%80%93-how-to-retweet-effectively/)

A retweet usually begins with the words “retweet.” You are retweeting when you are reposting something of value and interest posted by another Twitter user. Retweeting is the means by which you point out something interesting to your own followers. Moreover, a retweet enables his/her followers to visit the original posters profile and follow him/her if they find him/her interesting.

How do you retweet? I will now tell you how to retweet in 3 simple steps.

3 Simple Steps to Successful Retweeting

1.  Use a common label such as “retweet,” “retweeting,” or “reading” when you retweet posts.

2. When you retweet, you must give credit to the original poster. In order to do so, type @ just before the original poster’s twittername.

3. Tweet the post along with your reason for retweeting this post.

Here is an example to help you.

Retweet: @originalposter 4 Top Ways to Increase Traffic http://tis.gf/34f - really useful

Retweeting is that simple.

Retweeting Rules

Although retweeting is that simple, you cannot just retweet anything and everything you wish. The game of retweeting has its own rules and regulations.

• Never retweet in order to attract attention.
• Never retweet because you want the original posters to retweet your tweets.
• Only retweet posts that might be of real value to your followers.

A person who does nothing but retweet annoys his/her followers. The purpose of retweeting is to provide valuable content and useful links to your followers. The original posters might return the favor; again, they might not! Everything depends on whether your tweets are of use to them. So, never retweet anyone just because you want to be retweeted in return. Such an attitude will never take you far on Twitter. Retweet only posts that you genuinely feel will interest your followers.